From the article “Thermal management is a key factor in optimizing optoelectronic device performance. Excessive heat compromises the wavelength stability of laser output and increases noise levels in detectors. Thermoelectric (TE) coolers, also known as Peltier coolers, offer effective, practical options for heat management in compact optoelectronic devices such as dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) components and charge-coupled-device (CCD) detectors. In many cases, TE coolers offer significant advantages over more conventional cooling methods because they offer active cooling and precise controllability.” For the full version, you can follow this link: Keeping Cool—Thermoelectric coolers offer efficient solid-state heat-management options.
